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Twenty seven species of sturgeon are on the ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Red List with 63 percent listed as Critically Endangered, the Red List’s highest category of threat. Four species are now possibly extinct.

Beluga sturgeon in the Caspian Sea is listed as Critically Endangered for the first time along with all of the other commercially important Caspian Sea species, which are the main producers of wild caviar. Beluga sturgeon populations have been decimated in part due to unrelenting exploitation for black caviar – the sturgeon’s unfertilized eggs – considered the finest in the world. The other species, Russian, stellate, Persian and ship sturgeon have also suffered declines due to overfishing as well as habitat degradation in the Caspian Sea region.

“It’s time to seriously consider ending fishing in the Caspian Sea region and in other areas where species are classified as Critically Endangered,” says Dr Phaedra Doukakis, member of ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ��'s Sturgeon Specialist Group and Senior Research Scientist at the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University. “While these new rankings are depressing, they are also a call for action.”

In addition to the Caspian Sea species, sturgeon inhabiting other areas of Asia and Europe were also assessed. Among them was the Chinese paddlefish (Psephurus gladius), one of only two paddlefish in existence and now considered Critically Endangered and possibly extinct. This was one of four species that were found to be possibly extinct. Russian Far East species were also assessed, including the kaluga, a sister species of beluga, which inhabits the Amur River and is still subject to commercial exploitation. This species, along with the Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii), is now classified as Critically Endangered.

“This widespread evidence of decline alerts us to the fact that despite protective fishing regulations, sturgeon are still in trouble due to historic fishing, current illegal fishing and habitat degradation,” says Dr Kent Carpenter, ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Global Marine Species Assessment Director. “This is alarming given their unique lineage and particular vulnerability.”

Sturgeon can live for up to 100 years and do not reproduce annually, which means they take many years to recover from any population declines. They are a highly valuable group of species, with caviar from the beluga sturgeon fetching up to US$10,000/kg. This leads to over-harvesting, both legal and illegal, of many species, which is a major threat to their survival. Also, as they are a migratory group of species, the damming of rivers across Europe, Asia and North America over the past century has led to many sturgeon species losing access to vast areas of their spawning grounds.

One ray of hope for these species is their ability to produce millions of eggs. If proper protection can be put in place this reproductive capability may gradually replenish their populations.

"Sturgeon have survived dramatic change over the past 250 million years only to face the serious threat of becoming extinct as a direct result of human activities. Illegal catch, over fishing, the breaking up of the migratory routes and pollution are the key elements that have driven almost all species to the brink of extinction,” says Dr Mohammad Pourkazemi, chair ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ��/SSC Sturgeon Specialist Group. “The latest Red List assessment shows an increasingly alarming status of natural populations."

Click to learn more about the status and population trends of sturgeon on ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Red List of Threatened Species™

Event

On 18 March 2010, Dr. Kent Carpenter, ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Global Marine Species Assessment Director, will present the findings of the ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Red List update at an event organized by the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University and held at the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) in Doha, Qatar. The event will also include a presentation by Dr Volker Homes, Species Conservation Section Director, WWF Germany and TRAFFIC, and Dr Ellen K. Pikitch, Executive Director of the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University.

Editor’s notes

The latest Sturgeon Assessment has been funded by the European Commission and by the North of England Zoological Society in conjunction with the ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ��/SSC Sturgeon Specialist Group.

Media team:

Nicki Chadwick, Media Relations Officer, ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ��, m +974 795 7554, e
Pia Drzewinski, Media Relations Officer, ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ��, t +41 22 999 0313, m +41 76 505 8865, e
Leigh Ann Hurt, Species Programme Communications Officer, ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ��, t. +41 22 999 0153, e

About the ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Red List of Threatened Species™

The ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Red List of Threatened Species™ (or the ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Red List) is the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of plant and animal species. It is based on an objective system for assessing the risk of extinction of a species should no conservation action be taken.

Species are assigned to one of eight categories of threat based on whether they meet criteria linked to population trend, population size and structure and geographic range. Species listed as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable are collectively described as ‘Threatened’.

The ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Red List is not just a register of names and associated threat categories. It is a rich compendium of information on the threats to the species, their ecological requirements, where they live, and information on conservation actions that can be used to reduce or prevent extinctions.

The ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Red List of Threatened Species™ is a joint effort between ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� and its Species Survival Commission, working with its Red List partners BirdLife International, Conservation International’s Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, NatureServe, and the Zoological Society of London.

About the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University

The Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University is dedicated to advancing ocean conservation through science. The Institute transforms real-world policy while pursuing serious science, both of which are essential for ocean health.