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There has been a dramatic increase in the number of protected areas over the last decade. However, in the drive to increase the number and size of protected areas, relatively less attention has been paid to the issue of effective management.  Although MEE is increasingly being used by many countries, much greater efforts will be required to meet the target of CBD Decision X/31[1]. Recently, the ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Green List has been developed as a new international standard for protected areas that deliver successful conservation outcomes through effective and equitable governance and management. In November 2017, the ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Council formally approved the ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Green List Standard and it is now ready to be implemented worldwide.

Against this backdrop, the fourth APAP technical workshop was designed to:

• Enhance APAP members’ understanding of protected area management effectiveness and the ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Green List; 
   
• Share experiences and lesson learned on effective management of protected areas among APAP member organisations;
   
• Compile best practices and identify emerging issues within the Asia region on effective management of protected areas.

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Workshop participants presenting groupwork to the cohort

Jointly organised by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea, the Korea National Park Service (KNPS) and ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Asia, the workshop involved 34 participants from 12 APAP member countries.

During the workshop, APAP member countries delivered presentations about their experience of using MEE.  The Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT), METT + and the Rapid Assessment and Prioritisation of Protected Area Management (RAPPAM) are among the tools that are commonly used. However, relatively few countries have used MEE in a systematic way and MEE implementation has often been project or donor driven.

The status of MEE implementation varies significantly among APAP member countries. For example, all protected areas in Bhutan have applied METT +, which was adapted to the Bhutanese context in 2016. In contrast, in Japan, there has been no MEE implementation to date; the Ministry of Environment is currently carrying out research to identify the most appropriate approach for the Japanese context.

Participants agreed that MEE has many benefits, but noted that these do come with certain challenges. For example: MEE accords relatively little attention to issues related to governance and equity; results can sometimes be skewed by a subjective desire to show improvements to the donor; and MEE does not propose solutions for addressing identified management gaps. To help address these concerns, participants recommended that APAP could promote the sharing of best practices, provide technical and financial support, and assist with the development of standardized and user-friendly methodologies.

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APAP member countries expressed great interest in the ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Green list. However, a number of challenges were also identified.  These included: the complex and time-consuming nature of the process; the difficulty in preparing an adequate evidence base; and the need for capacity building and funding support. 

Participants highlighted that ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ��’s support will be required to assist those APAP member countries that have an interest in adopting the ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Green List. Participants also recommended a suite of measures to strengthen and streamline the ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� Green List. For example, they drew attention to the need to avoid duplication of effort and overlap with the Conservation Assured/Tiger Standards (CATS) that is being used in some tiger range countries.

 has been designed as a key platform to help governments and other stakeholders collaborate for more effective management of protected areas in the region. The partnership was initiated in 2013 at the first-ever Asia Parks Congress held in Japan, and formally launched the following year at the ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ�� World Parks Congress in Australia. It is chaired by ������ϲʿ�������ֳ�ֱ��, International Union for Conservation of Nature, and co-chaired by an APAP member organisation on a rotational basis, beginning with the Ministry of the Environment, Japan.The Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea, is the current co-chair.

[1] Continue to expand and institutionalize management effectiveness assessments to work towards assessing 60 per cent of the total area of protected areas by 2015 using various national and regional tools and report the results into the global database on management effectiveness maintained by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP-WCMC).